Gastroschisis is recognized as the most prevalent congenital defect of the abdominal wall, characterized by the extrusion of intestinal loops and visceral organs through an opening located to the right of the umbilical cord, without coverage by the amniotic membrane. Although several risk factors have been identified, the precise cause of this malformation remains uncertain. Prenatal ultrasound plays a critical role in the diagnosis of gastroschisis, offering valuable prognostic predictions through the assessment of specific ultrasonographic markers, and facilitating effective monitoring of fetal well-being. In developed countries, the survival rate for infants with gastroschisis exceeds 95%. However, cases classified as complex gastroschisis often necessitate multiple neonatal interventions and are linked to adverse perinatal outcomes, highlighting the need for thorough prenatal evaluation.
This narrative review examines the embryology, pathogenesis, risk factors, and ultrasonographic indicators associated with poor neonatal outcomes in fetuses diagnosed with gastroschisis. By employing prenatal risk stratification, healthcare providers can better counsel expectant parents regarding the potential complications and prepare the multidisciplinary team for timely interventions. This proactive approach is essential in improving postnatal outcomes, ensuring that affected infants receive the necessary care and support immediately after birth. Ultimately, understanding the complexities of gastroschisis, including its underlying mechanisms and the role of ultrasound in management, is vital for optimizing care and enhancing the overall prognosis for affected newborns.
