Ultrasound Diagnosis of Biliary Atresia in a 3-Month-Old Infant

Biliary atresia (BA) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by the absence or malformation of extrahepatic bile ducts, leading to liver fibrosis, portal hypertension, and eventually cirrhosis if left untreated. It is the most common cause of persistent obstructive jaundice in newborns, typically lasting more than two weeks. Abdominal ultrasound (US) is the primary imaging tool used to diagnose BA due to its non-invasive nature and reliability, while computed tomography (CT) is used in more complicated cases. However, the definitive diagnosis of BA is still confirmed by intraoperative cholangiography and liver biopsy. The preferred treatment for BA is the Kasai hepatoportoenterostomy, a surgical procedure aimed at restoring bile flow from the liver to the small intestine. Despite this intervention, some patients may still require liver transplantation due to diagnostic delays and progression to advanced liver disease. This case report describes a 3-month-old infant with biliary atresia who was diagnosed through ultrasound and ultimately required liver transplantation due to the advanced stage of the disease. Early and accurate imaging is critical for ensuring prompt surgical treatment, which can significantly improve patient outcomes and reduce the likelihood of long-term complications.