Ultrasound Diagnosis of Testicular Juvenile Granulosa Cell Tumor: Case Report

The Testicular Juvenile Granulosa Cell Tumor (JGCT) is a rare and benign testicular tumor that typically presents as a painless mass within the first few months of life. Accurate diagnosis often begins with an ultrasound, where the tumor’s characteristic cystic structure can be observed. In this case report, we discuss the presentation and management of a 2-month-old infant diagnosed with bilateral JGCT, an even rarer occurrence as this tumor is generally unilateral. Upon radiological assessment, ultrasound imaging revealed the cystic features typical of JGCT, allowing for a strong preliminary diagnosis. This was followed by histopathological analysis, which confirmed the diagnosis based on distinct markers. These included a follicular growth pattern and positive immunoreactivity for inhibin, a protein commonly associated with granulosa cell tumors. Treatment typically involves conservative surgery, aiming to remove the tumor while preserving as much testicular tissue as possible, thereby maintaining future function. In cases where the tumor is bilateral or larger, careful surgical planning becomes critical to balance tumor removal with the preservation of testicular health. This report also includes a review of classical pathological findings associated with JGCT, highlighting the cystic and follicular features that are central to diagnosis. Given its rarity, each case of JGCT contributes valuable information to the limited literature, enhancing understanding of its clinical presentation, imaging characteristics, and management strategies. Early identification and treatment of JGCT can significantly improve outcomes, emphasizing the importance of ultrasound in pediatric testicular assessments.