Summary
This journal article discusses the role of imaging, particularly color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS), in assessing abnormalities of the male genital tract (MGT) for individuals with infertility issues.
The key points of this article are as follows
Male infertility affects approximately 7% of men, with about 50% of cases lacking a clear etiology. The article provides a systematic review of the literature, along with an analysis of color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) atlas textbooks, to evaluate the usefulness of imaging in assessing MGT abnormalities. Testicular volume (TV) is closely associated with both sperm and hormonal parameters. Ultrasound (US) is more accurate in TV measurement compared to the Prader orchidometer (PO). Scrotal ultrasound can identify signs of testicular dysgenesis and testicular lesions suggestive of malignancy. The impact of varicocele detection and surgical correction on sperm parameters and fertility is still debated.
Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) is valuable in assessing obstructive azoospermia, detecting congenital absence of vas deferens (CBAVD), and identifying anomalies related to ejaculatory duct obstruction. The lack of standardization in MGT-CDUS often results in subjective or vague diagnoses. The European Academy of Andrology has initiated a multicenter study to define MGT-CDUS characteristics in healthy, fertile men. In summary, the article highlights the potential of CDUS and other ultrasound techniques in identifying MGT abnormalities related to male reproductive health. However, standardization and further research are needed to enhance the accuracy and objectivity of these diagnoses.
