Summary
Ultrasound examinations, also known as sonography, are a non-invasive and valuable diagnostic tool used in several medical departments. To utilize this technology, healthcare professionals must be familiar with ultrasound terminology and techniques. In this article, we will get an overview of the most important terms and techniques of ultrasound imaging.
Basics of ultrasound imaging:
Ultrasound imaging uses high-frequency sound waves, typically 2 to 18 megahertz, to create images of internal body structures. These sound waves bounce off tissues and organs, and the returning echoes are processed to create real-time images. Terminologies and techniques related to ultrasound are critical to both image acquisition and interpretation.
Converter:
A transducer is a portable device that emits sound waves and receives their echo. It is placed on the patient and on the skin, and the type of transducer used can vary depending on the application, such as linear, curved, or phased transducers.
Gel:
To facilitate the transmission of sound waves and reduce air gaps, ultrasound gel is applied to the patient and skin, which ensures a clear image. This water-based gel is non-irritating and easy to wipe off after the exam.
B Mode (Bright Mode):
B-mode is the most common ultrasound mode, producing two-dimensional grayscale images. It allows visualization of anatomical structures and is used in a wide range of applications from obstetrics to cardiology.
Doppler imaging:
Doppler ultrasound measures the speed of blood flow in blood vessels. It is invaluable in evaluating vascular conditions and is often used to examine the heart, arteries, and veins.
Color Doppler:
A color Doppler image adds color to the grayscale B-mode image representing the direction and speed of blood flow. This technique helps detect abnormalities in blood flow, such as blockages or turbulent flow.
3D and 4D images:
Three-dimensional (3D) and four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound technologies provide three-dimensional images that allow a more comprehensive view of the area being scanned. 4D increases the dimension of time, allowing real-time visualization of fetal movements or cardiac functions.
Image Enhancement:
Ultrasound imaging can be enhanced by various techniques, such as adjusting gain, depth, and focus settings. These adjustments help optimize image quality and interpretation.
Ultrasound Artifacts:
Artifacts are unintended signals or distortions in ultrasound images. They can be caused by factors such as bone damage, the reflection of the sound beam, or user error. Detection of artifacts is essential for accurate diagnosis.
It is important that healthcare professionals understand these basic ultrasound imaging terms and techniques. Knowledge of ultrasound terminology and the ability to use various techniques allows accurate acquisition and interpretation of images, contributing to diagnostic accuracy and overall quality of patient care.
